Interdiction:

Interdiction is a military term that describes the disrupting, delaying or destroying of an enemies supplies or forces before or as they enter a combat zone.  This includes the destruction of enemy food, supplies, arms and ordnance before it reaches already engaged enemy forces.  

Interdiction can take place by land, sea or air, with the surveillance and ambushing of known supply lines on a small scale by ground units, air interdiction launched by air elements and at sea by patrolling ships and the blockade of enemy ports.

Throughout history there are dozens of examples of blockades with the tactic being heavily used during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries with blockades of French ports during the British Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars and during the American Civil War when the Union Navy blockaded Confederate ports cutting the south off from European goods.

An interesting example of a land blockade occurred in 1948, when Soviet forces refused to allow Western goods into occupied Berlin in an effort to assert complete Soviet control over the city.  The Western powers responded to this blockade with what came to be known as the Berlin Airlift, with hundreds of flights flying thousands of tonnes of supplies into Berlin between 1948-9.

On of the most famous examples of air interdiction occurred during the Vietnam War when US B-52s waged a bombing campaign against the Ho-Chi Minh Trail in Laos in an attempt to cut of Viet Cong forces operating inside southern Vietnam.  In 1965, US Army Intelligence estimated that the North Vietnamese were moving up to 300 tons of materiel into South Vietnam through Laos each month.  In 1964, a ten year air campaign codenamed Operation Barrel Roll began with US air assets systematically bombing the Ho Chi Minh Trail, the operation was ultimately a failure.